Ejemplo a) Hallar el valor numérico de a²-5ab+3b³, cuando a = 3 y b = 4.
= (3)² -5(3)(4) +3(4)³
= 9 -60 +3(64)
= 9 -60 +192
= 141 Solución.
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Ejemplo b) Valor numérico de 3a²/4 - 5ab/x + b/ax, cuando a=2, b=1/3 y x =1/6
= 3(2)² / 4 - 5(2)(1/3) / (1/6) + (1/3) / (2)(1/6)
= 12/4 - 10/3 /1/6 + 1/3 / 1/3
= 3 - 20 + 1
= -16 Solución.
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Ejercicio 12.
Hallar el valor numérico de las expresiones siguientes,
cuando a=3, b=4, c=1/3, d=1/2, m=6, n=1/4
1) a²-2ab+b²
= (a-b)²
= (3 -4)²
= -1²
= 1 Solución.
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2) c² +2cd +d²
= (c+d)²
= (1/3 +1/2)²
= (5/6)²
= 25/36 Solución.
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3) a/c + b/d
= 3/ 1/3 + 4/ 1/2
= 9 +8
= 17 Solución.
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4) c/d - m/n +2
= (1/3)/(1/2) - 6/(1/4) +2
= 2/3 - 24 +2
= 2/3 -22
= 64/3 = 21¹/₃ Solución.
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5) a²/3 - b²/2+ m²/6
= (3)²/3 - (4)²/2+ (6)²/6
= 9/3 -16/2 + 36/6
= 3-8+6
= 1. Solución.
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6) 3/5c -1/2b +2d
= 3/5(1/3) -1/2(4) +2(1/2)
= 1/5 -2 +1
= -4/5 Solución.
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7) ab/n + ac/d -bd/m
= (3)(4)/(1/4) + (3)(1/3)/(1/2) - (4)(1/2)/(6)
= 12/(1/4) + 1/(1/2) - 2/6
= 48 + 2 -1/3
= 50 -1/3
= 149/3 = 49 ²/₃ Solución.
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8) √b + √n + √6m
= √(4) + √(1/4) + √(6)(6)
= 2 + 1/2 + √36
= 2 + 1/2 + 6
= 8 +1/2 = 8¹/₂ Solución.
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9) c√3a - d√16b² + n√8d
= (1/3)√(3)(3) - (1/2)√(16)(4)² + (1/4)√(8)(1/2)
= (1/3)√9 - (1/2)√256 + (1/4)√4
= (1/3)(3) - (1/2)(16) + (1/4)(2)
= 1 - 8 + 1/2
= -7 +1/2 = -6¹/₂ Solución.
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10) ma / db
ma / db = 6³ /(1/2)⁴
= 216 / (1/16)
= 3456 Solución.
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11) 3c²/4 + 4n²/m
= (3)(1/3)²/4 + (4)(1/4)²/(6)
= (3)(1/9)/4 + (4)(1/16)/(6)
= (1/3)/4 + (1/4)/(6)
= 1/12 + 1/24
= 3/24 = 1/8 Solución.
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12) 4d²/2 + 16n²/2 -1
= (4)(1/2)²/2 + (16)(1/4)²/2 -1
= (4)(1/4)/2 + (16)(1/16)/2 -1
= 1/2 + 1/2 -1
=1 -1 = 0 Solución.
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13) a+b/c - b+m/d
= (3)+(4)/(1/3) - (4)+(6)/(1/2)
= 7/(1/3) - 10/(1/2)
= 21 - 20
= 1. Solución.
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14) b-a /n + m-b /d + 5a
= (4)-(3) /(1/4) + (6)-(4) /(1/2) + (5)(3)
= 1 /(1/4) + 2 /(1/2) + 15
= 4 +4 +15
= 23 Solución.
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15) 12c-a /2b - 16n-a /m + 1/d
= (12)(1/3)-(3) /(2)(4) - (16)(1/4)-(3) /(6) + 1/(1/2)
= 4-3 /8 - 4-3 /6 + 2
= 1/8 -1/6 +2
= 47/24 = 1²³/₂₄ Solución.
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16) √4b + √3a /3 - √6m /6
= √(4)(4) + √(3)(3) /3 - √(6)(6) /6
= √16 + √9 /3 - √36 /6
= 4 + 3/3 - 6/6
= 4+1-1
= 4 Solución.
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17) √b+√2d /2 - √3c+√8d /4
= √(4)+√(2)(1/2) /2 - √(3)(1/3)+√(8)(1/2) /4
= 2+√1 /2 - √1+√4 /4
= 2+1 /2 - 1+2 /4
= 3/2 - 3/4
= 3/4 Solución.
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18) 2√a²b² /3 + 3√2+d² /4 - a√n
= 2√(3)²(4)² /3 + 3√2+(1/2)² /4 - (3)√(1/4)
= 2√(9)(16) /3 + 3√2+(1/4) /4 - (3)(1/2)
= 2√144 /3 + 3√9/4 /4 - 3/2
= 2(12)/3 + 3(3/2) /4 - 3/2
= 24/3 + (9/2)/4 - 3/2
= 8 + 9/8 - 3/2
= 61/8 = 7⁵/₈ Solución.
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